1.     The concept of Particle Stability and Instability exists in both the particle formation and the particle decay directions. Any composite particle that achieves stability does not seek to grow larger, nor to decay further. Therefore, this concept of particle instability must exist in both directions. Previously, only composite elementary particles or those such as radioisotopes that were in the process of decay were classified as unstable, now, those in the midst of formation into larger particles must be included and considered as unstable particles.

2.     The Electric Charge of +e and –e is fundamental, while all of the known particles that carry electric charge (charge carriers), such as the +e positron and –e electron are not fundamental, they are composite particles. This means that the charge originates with smaller particles, Geatrons.

3.  All known particles have an underlying sub-structure composed of smaller composite rudimentary particle units, which are, in turn, composed of individual fundamental particles.

4.   Every particle that is known to exist must have mass derived from the Geatron Particle of Energy and therefore, it should be measured in Geatron Mass Units (GMU), 1-GMU = 1.8926578 x10^-2 MeV/c².

5.    A single fundamental unit of energy, the Geatron, having four states of existence is the only constituent of energy and matter. Various arrangements of three of the four states of energy assemble into rudimentary particle units, which assemble further into the known stable and unstable particles of matter. Most rudimentary particle units are too small (insufficient mass) to ionize a trail in a bubble or cloud chamber detector and there generally not presently detectable directly. However, some of the larger rudimentary units have been detected such as the neutrino and antineutrino.

6.    The model predicts the existence of five (5) fundamental forces, listed in order of their emergence: Electric, Magnetic, Meg-force, C-force, and Gre-force, while all other known forces are not fundamental. The last three forces have not been previously identified by any other work, and are derived directly from the Geatron Model as completely new forces.

7.     All five fundamental forces are derived from the interactions of the four fundamental particle energy states. These interactions permit the identification of the exact point of origin of each force.

8.    A particle of energy having a positive fundamental electric charge of 1.602x10–19 (C) must exist as (State “A”).

9.    A second particle of energy having a negative fundamental electric charge of 1.602x10–19 (C) must exist as (State “B”).

10.  A third particle of energy having a momentary alternating-transforming electric charge (MATEC) equal to the fundamental charge and alternating between (+, 0, –, 0) etc. relative to its variable frequency (f) of vibration must exist as (State “C”).

11.   A fourth particle of energy must exist having no property other than mass and velocity at ± (c) and the ability to convert from State “D” into A, B, or C or revert from A, B, or C into (State “D”). The “D” is the SOURCE of all Energy and Matter. The State "D" or the D-particle is the single particle from which all other particles are formed and all forces emerge.

12.   Equilibrium must exist between the primary forces at each independent atomic level, (i.e. fundamental, rudimentary, elementary, sub-nuclear, subatomic, transitional, and atomic).

13.    All forms of energy are directly associated with and the direct result of interactions between the four fundamental particle states of A, B, C, or D particles of energy.

14.   Particles cannot be created or formed from a (0) mass, nor from an insufficient mass, therefore, all particle production is directly dependent upon the preexistence of sufficient quantities of mass.

15.   Certain classifications of energy, primarily Kinetic, may not convert into mass, but is nevertheless conserved during all interactions. Conserved while serving to break or sever several varieties of nuclear or rudimentary bonds of particles incident to the collision and additionally conserved through the kinetic energy of the product particles. Typically, in such circumstances, kinetic energy is converted into frequency, heat, velocity and angular momentum, but not mass.

16.   Mass can be stimulated to eject particles of energy through a process of Fundamental Particle Fragmentation (FPF). This occurs when the kinetic energy of colliding particles is converted into a higher frequency (hf) for internal C-particles which will sever electrostatic bonds between A & B particles, resulting in the discharge of energy as A, B, and C particles and larger rudimentary units. This indicates that all particles and particles of energy discharged from any nuclear interaction are preexisting rather than created.

17.    The Model predicts the existence of charged neutrinos and charged antineutrinos in addition to the known neutrinos of (0) electric charge. It also predicts that the (e) neutrino and (e) antineutrino mass must be no less than .340678 MeV/c2 relative to the electron's .511 MeV/c2. These conclusions are based upon the very limited data available relative to the interactions between neutrinos and antineutrinos including incidents of pair production, and the notion that a collision between a neutrino and antineutrino will produce an electron or positron. However, if any of this data is found to be incorrect, then the predicted minimum mass will be modified to conform to the new information. Nevertheless, neutrinos have mass, of a value that can be determined by their interactions with their counterparts. The mass and method of determination was predicted by this author in 1997.

18.   The proton's Fundamental Charge is able to move within it relative to other charges of its immediate environment. Through a system identified as Momentary Alternating Transforming Electric Charges (MATEC), the electric charge is able to repel or move, throughout a proton or any other charged composite particle, to a maximum distance possible from any other nearby like-charges. And through the same MATEC system the charge is able to move closer to any unlike charge in the immediate environment. Therefore, the exhibited charge within any charged particle is continuously moving relative to the other charges of the immediate environment and at the frequency of the 'C' particles of the system.

19.   The Model predicts that there are 10 distinct rudimentary particle units that are the first possible assemblies of the three interactive fundamental particles. These 10 form a second group of 18 basic rudimentary composite particle units, and from various combinations of R1 to R28, any subsequent rudimentary unit may be constructed, including neutrinos, electrons and positrons and eventually protons and neutrons through combinations of larger rudimentary units.

Many of the larger charged rudimentary particles may have been detected, but not correctly identified. All subsequent particles of matter are composed of various combinations of these rudimentary units.

20.    The model predicts that at the core of every star, a continuous nuclear fragmentation process is the primary method of stellar energy production, where every particle with sub-structure entering the core is promptly fragmented into its constituent rudimentary and fundamental Geatron units. The process is called Fundamental Particle Fragmentation (FPF) and it places fusion as a secondary energy-producing event relative to FPF.

21.    The Rudimentary Particles described in the Geatron Model are what is currently referred to as Dark Matter and will account for the proposed missing mass of the universe, while A,B, C, and primarily the D particles comprise what is referred to as Dark Energy.

22.   Protons and neutrons are not immediately interchangeable between stable isotopes of different nuclides unless the geatron mass (GMU) of those nucleons is sufficiently adjustment. This section has been modified to minimize any potential conflict with the author's current papers in progress on a related subject. The section will be expanded with significant information related to nuclear stability after the publication of these important nuclear physics papers.

23.   The model predicts that all unstable isotopes having an AMU of 200 or higher will have enlarged nucleons by as much as 4.5% at 238U (equivalent to a lower density), where these enlarged protons and neutrons will have shapes other than spherical with some elongated, even though their GMU may be significantly less than nucleons of other nuclides of the Periodic Table.

24.   Geatron Plasma, consisting of individual fundamental Geatrons (A's, B's, C's and D's) and smaller composite Rudimentary units, reside in the interior of black holes and in the core of stars.

25.  The Geatron Nuclear Model specifically predicts that a black hole will continuously emit large quantities of D-particles throughout its life. Stars also continuously emit D-particles, although the level of emission is small as compared to black holes, because the conversion of A, B, and C particles into D-particles is relative to the net external forces applied to the composite particles, demonstrating that this is ultimately a function of the mass of the system. In other words, a larger black hole will convert and emit larger quantities of D-particles than smaller systems. Ironically, small isolated black holes could dissipate a quantity of mass through the emission of D-particles, but could never dissipate to nothing, because this is a function of Meg-force v/s C-force. A similar emission will have little effect upon a large feeding black hole. Because matter is invisible to D-particles and all forces, including gravity, have no influence upon them, all D's that avoid further direct collisions are immediately ejected upon their transition from A's, B's and C's.  

26.   The model predicts that a beam of light will deviate from its original trajectory when it passes near the surface of a large body of mass, however, this deviation is caused by the electric field, the magnetic field, but primarily the Meg-Force field, which is a combination of these fields that surround the body. And the reason that the beam will deviate is because the particles of the beam are equally attracted to the fields of the mass just as the mass is attracted to fields of the particles of the beam.

27.    Heat, in its simplest definition, is the transfer of C-particles from one substance to another. Excited C-particles, vibrating at a higher frequency than those C's of adjoining substances, will move into those substances (containing C's of lower frequency) and transfer the apparent heat of the excited substance by exciting the C-particles of the new substance. The excited C-particles will excite the composite rudimentary particles, of which C's are a part, that, in turn, excite the protons and neutrons, of which the rudimentary units are apart.

28.    Mass is energy, it does not have to be converted into energy, only stimulated to emit some of its fundamental particles of energy. Mass is a composition of particles of energy, as rudimentary units, which are composed of A, B, & C fundamental particles, and these comprise all larger composite particles of matter. When mass is stimulated, it discharges these particles of energy in various forms.

29.    Antiproton Mass, is predicted, by the Geatron Nuclear Model, to be substantially less than that of the ¹H proton (rest mass = 938.2723100 MeV) and more than the mass of the ⁵⁶Fe proton (rest mass = 930.1745868 MeV).        

Many other predictions emerge from the Geatron Nuclear Model. The computational and mathematical support for several of the primary predictions listed above will be posted in the fall. Nevertheless, all of the predictions with full support will be published in the author's new book.

ISBN 0-9677172-0-5
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For further information contact Eugene B. Pamfiloff via email at:
boris@2xtreme.net

Copyright © 1999-2006 by Eugene B. Pamfiloff