Publication 1

"The Order of the Forces"
ISBN 0-9677172-0-5

is a study in nuclear and fundamental particle physics through the Geatron Nuclear Model.
By
Eugene B. Pamfiloff

Notice: This Book Has SOLD OUT.

Publication 1

Sufficient data exists to provide a unified physics by 2004

By
Eugene B. Pamfiloff

presented at:

Session X2 - Materials-Related Phenomena VII.
ORAL session, Friday morning, July 25
Holladay, Doubletree Lloyd Center

[X2.001] Dynamic Compression of Aluminum Foam Processed by a Freeform Fabrication Technique

The compressive deformation behavior of a new type of aluminum foam was assessed under static and dynamic loading conditions. The aluminum foam investigated was processed by Advanced Ceramics Research using an extrusion freeform fabrication technique. The foam contained approximately 50 to 60% porosity. The dynamic compression response was evaluated in air using a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system with aluminum bars, and strain rates ranging from 600 s^-1 to 2300 s^-1. Compression tests were also conducted at lower strain rates (10^-5 s^-1 to 1 s^-1) to determine the extent of strain rate strengthening. The low strain rate tests were performed with a servo-controlled hydraulic test machine. The compression results were analyzed as a function of foam density, structure, and process conditions. The effect of possible stress state instabilities in the SHPB tests are addressed relative to sample size selection and evaluation of stress-strain response.

[X2.002] SHOCK COMPRESSION OF DRY AND HYDRATED SAND

Influence of filler in a sand matrix is considered in the presentation. Experimental technique has been reported in the previous meeting and it involves manganin gauges in a set-up impacted by a flyer plate. A two-phase rate-sensitive model has been developed and proved its efficiency with those experiments for dry sand. It was shown theoretically, however, that the medium filling the matrix surrounding the sand particles may have a significant effect on the stress records at high pressures. In particular, the modelling has revealed that the air trapped in the porous material affects the stress records for the porous aluminium. In addition, the energy exchange between the phases may differ significantly for various fillers in a certain range of compression. The present work examines two materials experimenatlly and theoretically: sand with the air trapped in the material and sand particles with the water matrix. Results are compared with previous data for the dry sand and an influence of the matrix on the records at high velocities of impact is confirmed.

[X2.003] Shock Waves in Porous Materials under Pulse Energy Fluxes

Developing of the new targets for inertial confinement fusion determinates the interest to behavior of porous matter under fast volume heating. For achieving this goal, the experiments with electron beam and porous SiO_2 aerogel were carried out. The beam current was varied in the range 20-35 kA/cm^2, the pulse duration was 100ns and the electron energy was 290keV. The interaction of electron beam with aerogels leads to heating of energy deposition zone, collapsing of pores and vaporization of matter. The luminescence of energy deposition zone corresponds to all these processes. That allows the measuring of expansion velocities of aerogel in spite of electron beam direction and inside of materials. Besides we have measured the time of arriving disturbance from energy deposition zone to back free surface by laser interferometer. For example, measured velocity of expansion of aerogel in spite of electron beam direction was 14km/s for densities of aerogel (0.26g/cc) and current beam about 35kA/cm^2. For complete analyze experiments situations, the transparency of aerogel in visible and x-ray spectrum were measured.

[X2.004] Shock-Induced Cavitation In Water

A series of low stress shock impact experiments were performed to examine the cavitation threshold or "rupture strength" and induced index of refraction (IOR) change of pure water. An experimental cell design permitted particle velocity measurements at the water-air free surface separated by a 5 micron thick aluminum diaphragm for the cavitation experiments. The IOR experiments used a clear Mylar or polymethylpentene (TPX) diaphragm material and the particle velocity was measured at the buffer/water interface using the water as a window material. Water samples were triply distilled, deionized and degassed prior to experiments. The average threshold for shock-induced cavitation was found to be 6 MPa. These results compare favorably with hydrocode predictions. IOR changes were well modeled by a Gladstone-Dale model to within experimental error. In addition to these results, recent experiments performed to investigate cavitation-assisted chemistry during shock loading will be discussed.

[X2.005] Aerogel Algorithm for Shrapnel Penetration Experiments

To aid in assessing the shrapnel hazard in large laser facilities, we have performed shrapnel collection "BB gun" experiments in aerogel, and have developed a simple analytical model for deceleration of the shrapnel particles in the aerogel. The model is similar in approach to that of Anderson and Ahrens (J. Geophys. Res., 99, E1, Jan. 1994), and accounts for drag, aerogel compaction heating, and the velocity threshold for shrapnel ablation due to conductive heating. Model predictions are correlated with the BB gun results at impact velocities up to a few hundred m/s, with NASA data for impact velocities up to 6 km/s, and with HELEN laser-produced shrapnel data. The model shows promising agreement with the data, and will be used to plan and interpret future experiments.

[X2.006] Sufficient data exists to provide a unified physics by 2004

Do we have sufficient experimental data to unify the forces? In 1999 Steven Weinberg wrote: "The unification of all forces will require radically new ideas"[1]. After this, many physicists have expressed similar sentiments in papers, articles and conference presentations. While supporters of the current nuclear models struggle to explain the most basic questions related to mass and charge, matter, energy and forces, other scientists who understand the problems with current models are exploring new, not necessarily radical, ideas [2]. The most recent high-energy research centered on the results of e + e, p + p, Au + Au, and ion to fixed-target collisions as well as research on nuclear mass deficits demonstrated by common electron capture events, 7Be + -e -> 7Li + n, neutron decay, n à p + -e + -n and other nuclear events provide sufficient justification to consider new models. It appears, that, to remain useful, the current Standard Model (SM) scheme requires the existence of approximately 89 fundamental particles when coupled with the SU(5) system, most of which are theoretical including the gigantic Higgs Boson, the field of which must permeate space to account for the mass of known particles. With no direct experimental data in support, the current models are also completely reliant upon the existence of fractional electric charges contained within protons, neutrons and other known particles. Although the current nuclear models are useful in organizing elementary particles, they are completely inadequate when the objective is unification of the forces. ---- Due to the results of many recent and significant experiments, we believe that there is sufficient data to unify the forces, a condition existing for at least the past decade. ---- As an alternative to a fractionally charged system, we propose an elegant Geatron Model (GM) consisting of whole fundamental electric (e) charges. It is an effective model for the unification of the forces including gravity as well as other nuclear occurrences. This system comprises a single fundamental particle having three additional states of existence, rather than the 89 relied upon by current models. The Geatron Model predicts the existence of a series of rudimentary units that are the first possible arrangements of the 3 interactive fundamental particles. Collectively, these rudimentary units fit the definition of what is presently described as both Dark Matter and Dark Energy. All known particles with substructure are composed of various arrangements of these rudimentary units. The model makes numerous verifiable predictions, identifies the exact point of origin of the fundamental forces and describes the processes related to the formation of matter. It may provide several solutions to Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) efforts. Potential scientific, industrial and commercial applications that emerge from this flexible model may be substantial.

[1] Scientific American, Dec. 1999, Steven Weinberg: "A Unified Physics by 2050". [2] Danville Press, Nov. 1999, "Order of the Forces", (megforce.com)

\The above Abstract was also submitted at the folowing conferences

Eugene B. Pamfiloff
boris@2xtreme.net
 

Copyright  © 1999 - 2005 by Eugene B. Pamfiloff